Amos was not born the son of a prophet. He did not belong to the organized society known as the the Sons of the Prophets. In his early life he was a humble sheep raiser and also took seasonal work pruning fig trees. Jehovah chose him to be His prophet, calling him from his flock of sheep. He was sent north to the idolatrous ten tribe kingdom. Jehovah's spirit moved Amos to use simple, direct, picturesque language so people of all backgrounds could understand what he said. Amos was the first biblical prophet whose words were recorded in a book. He was active in 750 BC during the reign of Jeroboam II. His major themes were about social justice, God's omnipotence, and divine judgment.
Amos points to Jehovah when he says, “The Lord roars from Zion.” (Amos 1:2) God has been Israel's shepherd. Like a shepherd, God is supposed to take care of Israel. But Amos, a sheepherder himself, says God is now like a Lion to Israel. The lion was the most feared animal of that time. It could attack and devour a flock of sheep while the shepherd watched helplessly. That is why Amos says the shepherds will mourn.
This roar of judgment (1:3-2:16) Amos is pronouncing is judgment on the surrounding nations, listing the evil things Israel's enemies had done and what God was going to do to Israel. Israel was anticipating a day when God would deliver them from their enemies. They failed to recognize God would also judge them according to their deeds. Amos starts with foreigners, then denounces Israel's neighbors, and finally prophesies against Judah. The justice system was corrupt. The law said it was OK to sell a debtor to pay the debt, but they were abusing it. The rich and the powerful may have been able to bribe judges to decide in their favor in a false lawsuit and that allowed them to sell the “righteous” (the one who was innocent but declared guilty) into slavery to pay the fine. “Selling the needy for a pair of sandals” shows that the people were being sold into slavery for small debts or pledges even though The law commanded the Israelites to give to the needy. They took Jehovah's forgiveness and salvation and provision but did not pass it on to others. They had no commitment to God and had no respect for those who did. Why does God consider Israel to be worse than all the other nations? It is because God requires more from those to whom He has given more. (Luke 12:48) "Everyone to whom much was given, much will be demanded of him; and the one whom people put in charge of much, they will demand more than usual of him."
God had given the Jews the law. They knew better. That was God's complaint against Judah because Judah rejected the Law. And it is God's complaint against Israel. What do all these sins of Israel have in common? Love of money and things had replaced love for people. Money had become their god. Israel's sins are worse because they knew better. Theirs was the sin of hypocrisy. How does this apply to us today? Love for money and material things can distract us from serving Jehovah as we should.
One obvious problem in Israel was the sin of materialism. We certainly face this problem in our society. We can see how the Israelites compromised God's laws and principles to achieve success. We need to be careful that we do not fall into the same trap. The Israelites did something else. They told themselves that their prosperity was God’s sign of approval. There are those who say the same as they preach prosperity to their congregations.
We see how the Israelites abused people in need. How concerned are we for the poor? What are we doing for them? Are we ignoring them or ministering to them? God expects more out of His people. We should not gloss over what we think are little sins, or what we have rationalized away as not even being a sin. Because Israel was chosen by Jehovah, the Jews thought they were immune from judgment. They thought it didn't matter what they did. They took their relationship with God for granted. But to God, being chosen means having responsibility.
How does this relate to us since we are not under the covenant blessings and curses given to Israel? We are children of God. We can't remove the relationship no matter how much we sin. What we can change is whether or not He needs to discipline us or whether He will continue with His planned blessings for us. When Israel was bad, they were still God's chosen people; they just didn't get to enjoy His blessings. Instead, God had to discipline them. And He disciplined them for transgressions that didn’t seem as bad to us as the other nations. But they knew better than to transgress against the Law. Despite all the warnings given to Israel and the fact that they are ignored for the most part, shows God's patience and His mercy.
Chapter five points out the nation would be judged by God, but individuals could yet repent and live. God's plan was for an eternal kingdom for them. They hated the one who pointed out their wickedness. People don't want to be told that they are sinning. Darkness hates the light. Their worship and singing was just noise in God’s ears because their worship was only external and did not come from the heart. God desires justice. How you treat your fellow man is what is important to God and that is what shows that you love God. Over and over again we see the theme repeated that we are to love God and show it by our love for our neighbor.
Chapter Six addresses another problem in Israel. Everyone felt they were better because they were the chosen people. They thought they were invincible because they were God's people and because of their own strength. The rest of this chapter shows how wrong they were. “you have turned justice into poison.” The judicial system which was designed to preserve the nation's health had become a lethal poison within its body.
In Chapter Seven, Amos goes on the relate three visions to Israel: The vision of the locust swarm (7:1-3), the vision of fire (7:4-6), and the vision of the plumb line (7:7-8). The contrast of the third vision with the first two is meant to show that Israel is “out-of-line” and doesn't measure up to God's standards. The prophet had asked for mercy in the first two visions, but when he was shown just how bad the people were with the plumb line, he didn't ask for mercy because he could see that the judgment was deserved. God's people did not measure up to His standards. Amos sees the nation as God sees it. He looks at the situation theologically (the plumb line) and from reality (Amaziah's response) and sees that the judgment is deserved. Too often we respond to bad things emotionally and blame God or think that it isn't fair, but we don't see what is going on from God's perspective.
The vision of ripe fruit in Chapter 8 showed the time was ripe for executing judgment. They went to worship on the Sabbath, but they resented the Sabbath because they couldn’t go to work and make more money by cheating others. If the law can be summed up by loving God and loving your neighbor, the Israelites showed that they did neither. If you don’t love your neighbor, it proves that you don’t love God. It is worse to go without hearing the word of God and then doing His will than to go without food.
In Chapter 9, Amos tells us God will shake the nation to separate the wheat from the chaff. And when God shakes, no chaff will remain. God will sort everyone out in the end and He will determine who will be saved and who will not. We have a tendency to want to judge others and determine if they are saved, but that is God’s job. Hope is also given. The ultimate purpose for God's judgment is not revenge, it is restoration. God punishes us to bring us back to Him. This is always the purpose for discipline. In Matthew 18 Jesus talks about reproving your brother. The goal is to bring him to the point where he sees his sin and repents. Peter understands this and asks the question about how many times we must forgive. Jesus’ answer is... always. There will come a time when God will restore the Israel of today. Godly people from other nations will be included. That was Israel's purpose all along -- to be a testimony to the world of how great God is and lead the nations to Him. It is the believer's role to attract the nations to God and bring them into the kingdom.
Amos' prophecy comes to a close with verse 15 which says they will not again be rooted out from their land. Although the unbeliever's sins often appear worse to us, in God's eyes the sins of the Christian are worse because we should know better. Just as God was patient with Israel and gave an opportunity to repent, God also is patient with us and gives us time to repent. But we should not abuse God's grace because we don't know when He will finally bring judgment. We must rest our trust in Jehovah's ways. God is faithful in His promise as long as we are faithful in our committment to him. Our faithfulness should be seen through our words and the way we live our daily life.